Biography
Other info : Bibliography
Amantine (also "Amandine") Lucile Aurore Dupin (French: [amɑ̃tin lysil oʁɔʁ dypɛ̃]), later Baroness (French: baronne) Dudevant best known by her pseudonym George Sand (French: [ʒɔʁʒ sɑ̃d]), was a French novelist and memoirist. She is also equally well-known for her much publicized romantic affairs with a number of celebrities including Frédéric Chopin and Alfred de Musset. Sand's father, Maurice Dupin, was the grandson of the Marshal General of France, Maurice, Comte de Saxe, himself an illegitimate son of Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and a Saxon elector, and a cousin to the sixth degree to the kings of France Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X.[1] Sand's mother, Sophie-Victoire Delaborde, was a commoner. Sand was born in Paris but raised for much of her childhood by her grandmother, Marie Aurore de Saxe, Madame Dupin de Francueil, at her grandmother's estate, Nohant, in the French province of Berry (see House of George Sand). She later used the setting in many of her novels. It has been said[by whom?] that her upbringing was quite liberal.n 1822, at the age of eighteen, Sand married Baron Casimir Dudevant (1795–1871), illegitimate son of Baron Jean-François Dudevant. She and Dudevant had two children: Maurice (1823–89) and Solange (1828–99). In early 1831, she left her husband and entered upon a four- or five-year period of "romantic rebellion." In 1835, she was legally separated from Dudevant and took her children with her.
Sand conducted affairs of varying duration with Jules Sandeau (1831), Prosper Mérimée, Alfred de Musset (summer 1833 – March 1835), Louis-Chrysostome Michel, Pierre-François Bocage, Félicien Mallefille, Louis Blanc, and Frédéric Chopin (1837–47).[2] Later in life, she corresponded with Gustave Flaubert.
Despite their obvious differences in temperament and aesthetic
preference, they eventually became close friends. She engaged in an
intimate friendship with actress Marie Dorval, which led to widespread but unconfirmed rumors of a lesbian affair.[3] Letters written by Sand to Dorval mentioned things like "wanting you either in your dressing room or in your bed."
In Majorca one can still visit the (then abandoned) Carthusian monastery of Valldemossa, where she spent the winter of 1838–39 with Chopin and her children.[4] This trip to Majorca was described by her in Un Hiver à Majorque (A Winter in Majorca), published in 1855. Chopin was already ill with incipient tuberculosis (or, as has recently been suggested, cystic fibrosis) at the beginning of their relationship, and spending a winter in Majorca — where Sand and Chopin did not realize that winter was a time of rain and cold, and where they could not get proper lodgings — exacerbated his symptoms. They separated two years before his death for a variety of reasons.
In Lucrezia Floriani, a novel, Sand used Chopin as a model for a sickly Eastern European prince named Karol. He's cared for by a middle-aged actress past her prime, Lucrezia, who suffers a great deal by caring for Karol.[5] Though Sand claimed not to have made a cartoon out of Chopin, the book's publication and widespread readership may have exacerbated their antipathy to each other. However, the tipping point in their relationship involved her daughter Solange.
Chopin continued to be cordial to Solange after she and her husband, Auguste Clesinger, had a vicious falling out with Sand over money. Sand took Chopin's support of Solange as outright treachery and confirmation that Chopin had always "loved" Solange.[a] Sand's son Maurice also disliked Chopin. Maurice wanted to establish himself as the 'man of the estate' and did not wish to have Chopin as a rival for that role. Chopin was never asked back to Nohant. In 1848, he returned to Paris from a tour of the UK and died at the Place Vendôme. Chopin was penniless at that point; his friends had to pay for his stay there, as well as his funeral at the Madeleine. The funeral was attended by over 3,000 people, including Delacroix, Liszt, Victor Hugo and other famous people. George Sand, however, was notable by her absence.
She is also known for her implication and writings during "la commune" where she took position for the Versaille's assembly against the "communard", urging them to take violent action against the "rebels".[7]
